Dyes

Colored substance of dyeing which has an affinity to the substrate is known as Dyes. Generally dyes applied in aqueous solution. The main aim of dyes is to improve the fastness of fiber and fabrics. Dyes are also applied in Textiles, Leather, Plastics, and Paper in liquid form.

Classification of Dyes:

1. According to the Application:

i. Direct dyes.

a. Acid.

b. Basic.

ii. Mordant dyes.

iii. Ingrain dyes.

iv. Vat dyes.

2. According to the Chemical structure:

i. Nitro and Nitrosodyes.

ii. Triphenyl methane dyes.

iii. Azo dyes.

iv. Phthalein dyes.

Industrial Classification of Dyes:

In Textile industry, majority amount of dyestuff is primarily consumed world wide. That’s why the classification of dyes can be done according to dyes performance in dyeing process. More than 60% dyestuffs are based on Azo dyes world wide.

Major Dye’s classes and the substrates:

1. Basic.
2. Direct.
3. Acid.
4. Azoic.
5. Vat.
6. Sulphur.
7. Reactive.
8. Solvent.
9. Disperse.

Dye application of fibers:

Dyes	Fibers
Acid	Wool, nylon, Silk
Azoic	Cotton, Rayon, acetate, cellulose, polyester
Basic	Polyester, modified  nylon
Direct	Cotton ,nylon, Rayon
Mordant	Wool,
Sulfur	Cotton, Rayon
Disperse	Polyester, Acrylic, polyamide
Reactive	Cotton, wool, silk, nylon