Methods of Increasing Production (Knitting)

From the following methods we can increase the production of knitting. The methods are,

1. By increasing machine speed: Higher the machine speed faster the movement of needle and ultimately production will be increased. But it has to make sure that excess tension is not imposed on yarn because of this high speed. 

2. By increasing the number of feeder: If the number of feeder is increased in the circumference of cylinder, then the number of courses will be increased in one revolution at a time. 

3. By using machine of higher gauge: The more the machine gauge, the more the production is. So by using machine of hgier gauge production can be increased.

4. By imposing automation in the machine: 

a. Quick starting and stopping for efficient driving system.

b. Automatic machine lubrication system for smoother operation.

c. Photo electric fabric fault detector.

5. By imposing other developments:

a. Using creel-feeding system.

b. Applying yarn supply through plastic tube that eliminates the possibilities of yarn damage.

c. Using yarn feed control device.

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Gas Singeing Machine

This is the most commonly used process for both woven and knit fabrics.

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Scouring of Man Made Fiber

Man made fiber are comparatively free from impurities and so much milder methods of scouring are applied for them,

1. Nylon:

i. Synthetic detergent = 1.5-2 parts/L.

ii. Sodium Carbonate = 0.5-1.5 parts/L.

iii. Washing start temperature = 20-30ºC (Normal).

         = 70-80ºC (Non-heat set).

         = 90-100ºC (for heat set).

2. Acrylic fiber: 1% Non ionic detergent temperature 80ºC.
3. Rayon/Viscose:

i. Soap/Detergent = 0.3%.

ii. Na₂CO₃ = 1%.

iii. Temperature = 80-90ºC.

Acrylic fiber is the main element of our sweeter.

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Let Off Motion

The motion which delivers the warp from the warp beam at the required rate that a suitable constant tension by unwinding it from a flanged bobbin called let off motion.

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Fabric Machine

Fabric machine knits fabric in a continuous interrupted length of constant width, width depends on the dia of roller.

Feature of Fabric Machine: The feature of fabric machine is given below,

1. The knit fabric at high speed.
2. Fabric can be manually cut away from the machines.
3. They are highly productive machines.
4. They are versatile machines.
5. The fabric is finished in to continuous finishing equipment.
6. They are circular machines of the revolving needle cylinder type.
7. After finishing the fabric is cut and sewn in to garments.

Different Fabric Machines:

1. 
   
   
   

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Overlock Sewing Machine

For seaming, edging or hemming the overlock machine is perfect which sew the one or two pieces of cloth. After sew the fabric overlock machine cut the edge of the fabric. In North America this is called Sergers. But there is some overlock machine which not included cutter. Cutters helps to done the work very fast, easily and quickly. Overlock machine is not same as lockstitch sewing machine which uses loopers fed by multiple thread cones rather than a bobbin. The RPM of overlock machine is 1000 to 9000. Overlock sewing machine is also can be used for construction, reinforcement or decoration.

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Fabric Forming Method

Fabrics Forming Method is three types. These are:

1. Weaving.

2. Knitting.

3. Non-Woven.

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Modal

The own right for man made cellulose fiber the Modal is a generic name. To make high quality wooden pulps the modal is manufactured. Modal is very strong and stable. Modal is also soft. If we washed this it’s again became shown its softness. For clothing modal is ideal as it can breathe. More than 50% humidity than cotton the modal can absorb. Modal keep the skin dry and comfortable.

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Difference between Melt, Dry and Wet spinning

The difference between melt spinning, dry spinning and wet spinning is given below:

Parameter	Melt spinning	Dry spinning	Wet spinning
1. Investment cost	Low	High	Low
2. Hazard	Non-toxic	Toxic	Toxic
3. Heat of spg	High	Very high	Low
4. Spinneret holes	2000	300-900	20000-75000
5. Spg speed	2500-3000ft/min	2500-3000ft/min	150-300ft/min
6. Productivity	High	High	Low
7. Solvent	Not required	Only volatile organic solvent	Beth organic & inorganic solvent can be use
8. Example	Polyester, Nylon-6	Cellulose, Acetate. PAN	Viscose rayon

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Method of Fabric Spreading

The Method of Fabric Spreading are describe below:

1.     Manual method: This method is three types:

a.     By hand

b.     By hook

c.      Spreading truck with the help of operator.

2.     Mechanical method: This method is two types:

a.     Semiautomatic

b.     Full automatic

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Marker Efficiency

Marker efficiency is a very important term in case of garments production. Marker efficiency is directly related to fabric cutting and how much fabric may wastage during fabric. The marker planner measures his success by the efficiency can be defined as follows:

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Marker

The thin and transparent paper on which all necessary different pattern pieces for all size for a particular style of garment are placed to collect their replica for smooth cutting of fabric is called marker. This is done in such a way that fabric wastage would be least .marker width should be equal or less than fabric width. Its length depends on the no. of pattern pieces that will be packed on it.

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Mercerization

Mercerization is a process where cotton or yarn is treated with 1-2% caustic soda solution at temperature of 20-30ºC. It is necessary to hold the fabric under tension and wash thoroughly.

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Fiber Migration

In ring spinning the outer fiber are in greater tension as they follow a longer path. Whereas the fibers which stay at center follow a straight path and remains at lower tension. The outer fiber tends to move towards the center of the low tension zone and the center fiber, try to move outside. This displacement of fibers during spinning is called Fiber Migration.

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Cost of Making

The cost which is paid for sewing and finishing of a garment is called Cost of Making (CM).

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Difference between Rib Weave and Matt Weave

The difference between rib weave and matt weave is given below:

Rib Weave	Matt Weave
1. It produces rib or cord effect.	1. It is the combination of warp and weft rib.
2. Repeat size may not be a square.	2. Repeat size may be a square.
3. Two types of rib weave: warp and weft.	3. Four types of matt weave: regular, irregular, stitched, fancy.
4. Tight structure.	4. Loose structure.
5. Less resistance to tearing.	5. More resistance to tearing.
6. Fabric surface not so smooth as matt weave.	6. Fabric surface is smooth.

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Matt Rib Weave

The weaves are also variously known as ‘hopsack’ or ‘basket’ weaves. The hopsack weave a variation of the plain weave, uses two or more warp and/or two or more weft yarn side by side as one yarn.

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Metallic Fiber

A metallic fiber is composed of metal, plastic, metal coated plastic. E.g.: Silver hair ribbon.

These fabrics were all made by beating sheets of metal gold, silver or copper until thin and then cutting in strips.

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Spinning

The conservation of polymer into fiber is called spinning. Spinning is three types. They are,

1. Melt spinning (Nylon, Polyester, Olefin, and Saran).
2. Wet spinning (Rayon, PVA, and Acrylic).
3. Dry spinning (Acetate, Modacrylic).

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Man Made Fiber

Man Made Fiber is made by regeneration system. Its number of molecular weight is limited. Man Made Fiber is non hygienic. Man Made Fiber is uncomfortable to wear. Man Made Fiber can be made as our expected form. It’s totally controlled by man. Man Made Fiber is also known as Synthetic fiber.

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