Let Off Motion

The motion which delivers the warp from the warp beam at the required rate that a suitable constant tension by unwinding it from a flanged bobbin called let off motion.

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Lap Former

Classification of Lap Former: Lap former are three types. These are,

1. Sliver lap former.
2. Ribbon lap former.
3. Super lap former.

Manufacturers of lap former:

1. TD LAP, which manufacturer is Trutzschler from Germany.
2. UNILAP, which manufacturer is Rieter from Switzerland.
3. A05, which manufacturer is Toyoda from Japan.

Description of a super lap former:

Name of the components:

1. Creel arrangement.
2. Feed table.
3. Drafting unit.
4. Calendaring unit.
5. Winding unit (Spool bobbin).

Technical data:

1. Raw material = Cotton up to 1.063 inch staple.
2. Doubling = 24(12+12).
3. Drafting system= 3 over 3.
4. Draft = 1.03 to 3.03
5. Full lap weight = Up to 25kg.
6. Delivery speed = 80-110 meter per minute.
7. Weight per unit length = 700-1200 grains per yard.
8. Efficiency = 85%.

Additional features of super lap former:

1. Auto grain adjuster.
2. Auto drafting.
3. Stop motion for:
1. Doffing.
2. Sliver breakage.
3. Lapping.
4. Auto lap carrying device.
5. Fault indicating lamp.
6. Lap length measuring system.

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Linen History

From Flax the Linen is made, Ancient Egyptians firstly used linen. Linen was a symbol of purity for the Egyptians because earliest linen cloth color was usually white. Linen was used for not only clothing and household articles but also linen used in religious practices.

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Fabric Lay

Types of Fabric Lay:

According to the construction fabric lay is two types. These are:

1.     Straight lay

2.     Stepped lay

According to the direction of spreading fabric lay is three types. These are:

1.     From right to left

2.     From right to right

3.     Zigzag lay

Straight Lay: Every ply is placed according to the marker length. It is most common and most of the garments are used this type of lay.

Stepped lay: Every ply is not spreaded according to the full length of marker but in stepped manner. It is needed different types of marker for steeped lay.

From right to left: This type of lay is more wide and open. Fabric is always spreaded in the same direction. 

From right to right: This type of lay is more wide and open so that more useful. It is needed for special spreading machines to make this lay.

Zigzag lay: Fabric is spreaded without cutting from one end to the other according to marker length and this is continued. Is this way zigzag lay is made. This type of lay is more used in garments industries. It is not good for asymmetric fabric.

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Loom

Loom is a machine or device which is used to produce woven fabric. It is the central point of the whole process of cloth production.

Classification of Loom: Loom mainly two types. They are:

1. Hand Loom.
2. Power Loom.

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Difference between Leather and Textile Fiber

The difference between leather and textile fiber are given below:

Leather	Textile Fiber
1. Not easily identify as separate entities with clearly defined limit.	1. Textile fiber is clearly individual units.
2. It is a whole aggregate which is fibrous in form.	2. It is not a whole aggregate.
3. Leather is costly.	3. Fiber is cheap.
4. It can be made only from natural origin.	4. Natural and man-made.
5. It is one kind of fibrous sheet.	5. It is not fibrous sheet.
6. Extensibility is low.	6. Extensibility is high.

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Label

Label is a part of garments which indicates the various instructions about the garments. Without any label a garment cannot be sold especially in export oriented garments. The essential data like size of the garments, fiber type, care data, country of origin, company name, and trade mark etc.

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Latch Needle

Latch Needle is two types. They are:

1.      Friction latch needle.

2.      Friction less latch needle.

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